In order to select the appropriate control measure, you should be aware of the routes of entry for various chemicals. The MSDS will outline most toxicity data that is available and include the appropriate personal protective apparel and control measures required for handling the chemical in question. Remember that the routes of chemical exposure/entry include ingestion, inhalation, skin contact/absorption, eye contact and injection. By following the guidelines, you will minimize risks and keep exposures to a minimum.

A. Exposure Guidelines

The Threshold Limit Values (TLVS) and the Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) will be used to assist in determining the safety precautions needed when handling/using a chemical

These values will also help determine what safety equipment is to be used and what control measure are to be taken.

If neither the TLV or PEL value is available, the LD50, lethal dose information, will be assessed.

B. Fire Guidelines

Fire guidelines are determined by a chemical's flashpoint, that is the lowest temperature at which an ignition source can cause the chemical to ignite momentarily

Many common laboratory solvents have flash points that are lower than room temperature. These solvents can give off vapors in sufficient concentrations to form an ignitable misture with air; the vapors then raveling along benchtops and traveling considerable distances to sources of ignition. Remember to REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION when using flammable chemicals. Open flames, electrical equipment, static electricity, matches, hot surfaces (hot plates not currently in use) are all sources of ignition.

USE IN WELL VENTILATED AREAS to prevent the formation of flammable vapors. Understand the terminology: "Flammable" refers to chemicals with a flash point below 100 degrees C and "Combustible" refers to chemicals with a flashpoint between 100 and 200 degrees C. Chemicals with flashpoint below 200 degrees C are considered FIRE HAZARDS.

C. Reactivity Guidelines

A reactive chemical will be defined as a chemical with a reactivity rating of 3 or 4 by the NFPA or a chemical labeled organic peroxide, oxidixer, explosive2(Class A, B or C), unstable or polmerizable.

If so labeled, safety precautions should include segregation and prohibition of mixing without personal protection and precautions.

D. Corrosivity and Contact Guidelines

OSHA, EPA and DOT have all defined corrosive. The pH is either very high (pH>12) or very low (pH<3).

Skin and eye contact should be avoided. Gloves and goggles should be used when handling highly corrosive chemicals.

Refer to the MSDS for additional contact hazard information.

Training

Prior to starting work, each new laboratory student/employee will go through an orientation period. This will include a health and safety orientation program. Training will consist of appropriate sessions of approximately 30 minutes each. A safety film should be viewed pertinent to the area of work and the following topics should be covered:

An overview of Laboratory Safety

Labeling systems and how to use them

How to review an MSDS and where the files are located

Chemicals present in the work areas

Methods and observation techniques for determining the presence or release of hazardous chemicals in the work area

Personal Protective Equipment and work practices to lessen (exposure and criteria for selected PPE)

Steps to be taken to lessen or prevent exposures

Safety and emergency procedures to follow. CAMPUS EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBER.

An introduction to exposure limits including TLV and PEL

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